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1. Load
The contact area of each tire is equivalent to the size of a hand but it can carry the weight of the vehicle and its passengers.
2. Shock Absorption
When driving on unpaved roads, do you know what ensures a comfortable drive? Tires! Tires are formulated using 50% elastic rubber with inner air pressure serving as a shock absorption tool to help minimize bumpy rides.
3. Vehicle Handling, Driving Force, and Braking Power
Tires are the only part of the vehicle that comes into contact with the road. When initiating, driving, braking, or parking your vehicle tires successfully help complete your command.
4. Steering Wheel Movement
Tires communicate the controls of the driver. Steering and reversing operations are dictated by the tires.
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The sidewall provides valuable information about the tire including the specifications, the brand, and the type of construction. All numbers are standardized and recognized by tire manufacturers around the world.
Codes:
- 1. Section Width(mm)
- 2. Aspect Ratio(Section height as a percentage of the section width).
- 3. Rim Diameter(in)
- 4. Load Index
- 5. Speed Rating
Load Index and Speed Rating
Load index corresponds to the load capacity while speed rating is designated using letters from J to Z and represents the maximum speed of the tire. These two factors are interdependent. Please refer to the tables below for the load index and speed rating.
Load Index (Maximum Load)
| LI | lbs | kg | LI | lbs | kg | LI | lbs | kg | LI | lbs | kg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 |
761 783 805 827 853 882 908 937 963 992 |
345 355 365 375 387 400 412 425 437 450 |
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 |
1019 1047 1074 1102 1135 1168 1201 1235 1279 1323 |
462 475 487 500 515 530 545 560 580 600 |
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 |
1356 1389 1433 1477 1521 1565 1609 1653 1709 1764 |
615 630 650 670 690 710 730 750 775 800 |
101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 |
1819 1874 1929 1984 2039 2094 2149 2205 2271 2337 |
825 850 875 900 925 950 975 1000 1030 1060 |
Speed Rating (Maximum Speed)
| J | K | L | M | N | P | Q | R | S | T | H | V | W | Y | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mph | 62 | 68 | 75 | 81 | 87 | 93 | 100 | 106 | 113 | 118 | 130 | 150 | 168 | 188 |
| kmh | 100 | 110 | 120 | 130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | 190 | 210 | 240 | 270 | 300 |
Run flat tires also known as safe tires or zero pressure tires are designed to perform after a puncture or complete loss of tire inflation pressure has occurred. These tires allow you to drive up to 80km at 80km/h to help you reach a safe place.
Comparison between Run Flat Tires and Ordinary Tires:
Challenge #1 
Challenge #2 
Summer thunderstorms produce water on road surfaces and causes tire skidding.
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1. A strong bead ring is found on the inner part of the tire, where the tire and rim join together. The bead ring securely fastens the tire with the rim to ensure safety and minimize deformation.
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2. When a partial amount of pressure is applied, the strong bead ring can withstand up to 3 tons before it detaches from the tire.
- 3. It will take more than 6 tons of force to break the bead ring.
The tire valve is made of rubber and after long term usage it will deteriorate. Overtime, normal driving practices will exert pressure on the valve causing damage or wear. Although a tire valve is not expensive, it plays an important part in tire performance and safety.
Giti Tire recommends replacing tire valves whenever new tires are installed.
Tire valve helps maintain stable tire pressure by inflating or deflating the tire.
Proper Tire Pressure Is Important.
Hazard #1: Exterior Tire Damage
Leads to: air leaks, flat tires, shorter tire life, and affects safe travels
Hazard #2: Excessive Tread Wear
Leads to: reduced handling, braking, and water dispersion abilities
Hazard #3: Improper Tire Pressure
Leads to: uneven tire wear, reduced handling and comfort, increased fuel consumption, and even tire blowouts
Standard tire pressure recommendations can be found in the owner's manual or on the driver side car door.
When faced with complex road conditions, do you know how to choose the right tires for your car?
Selecting Suitable Tires for Different Road Conditions is Essential!
Friction Generated By Tire Pattern and Ground Is a Source of Power for Tires
Highway Terrain:
Fine Tread Pattern (HT)
Comfort Low Noise
Mud Terrain:
Exaggerated Tread Pattern (MT)
Strong Off-Road Capabilities
All Terrain:
Rough Pattern with Attention to Details (AT)
Balancing Off-Road Capabilities and Comfort
Every tire is designed with a tread wear indicator (TWI) which is a raised section molded into the grooves of a tire. In passenger car tires, the TWI is around 1.6 mm and the tire shoulder is labeled with TWI or the △ symbol.
TWI indicates the tread wear limit and helps vehicle owners understand the tread wear so they know when to replace the tires. When the tread is leveled with the TWI, the tread pattern will be separated and the tires need to be replaced immediately.
Note: When tread wear limit is reached, handling, braking, and water evacuation will significantly be decreased. Extremely dangerous!
Sidewall Bulges
Please replace tires immediately to avoid tire blowouts
Multiple Cuts
Increases probability of tire leak
Sidewall Cracks
Tire shows signs of deterioration
If your tires have any of the conditions mentioned above, it is recommended that you visit the nearest Giti Professional Service Center to replace the tires!
The sidewall of a tire contains information for your safety and knowledge. Being able to read sidewall markings will help you better understand the performance of each tire and provide information for mounting and servicing the tire.
Codes:
- 1. Section Width (mm)
- 2. Aspect Ratio
- 3. Rim Diameter (in)
- 4. Load Index
- 5. Speed Index
Passenger Car Tire Specifications:
(195/60R15 88V)- 195: Section Width (mm)
- 60: Aspect Ratio
- R: Radial Construction
- 15: Rim Diameter (in)
- 88V: Load Index and Speed Rating
Under specified conditions, speed rating is a letter representing the maximum speed at which the tire can carry a load corresponding to its load index (except for passenger car and motorcycle tires with speeds greater than 210 km/h).
Under specified conditions, load index is a numerical code representing the maximum load the tire can carry corresponding to its speed rating (except for passenger car and motorcycle tires with speeds greater than 210 km/h).
Speed rating is represented with a letter from J to Z and is the maximum speed corresponding to its load index.
Please refer to the following speed rating table (Maximum Speed)
| J | K | L | M | N | P | Q | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mp/h | 62 | 68 | 75 | 81 | 87 | 93 | 100 |
| km/h | 100 | 110 | 120 | 130 | 140 | 150 | 160 |
| R | S | T | H | V | W | Y | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mp/h | 106 | 113 | 118 | 130 | 150 | 168 | 188 |
| km/h | 170 | 180 | 190 | 210 | 240 | 270 | 300 |